Skip to Main Content

APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

Provide guidance on APA format style based on the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

Standard Format

Reports and Gray Literature
			Where
Who	When	What	Publisher Information	DOI or URL
Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. Name of Group Author, C. C. [username] Username.	(year). (year, month date).	Title of report: Use sentence case. Title of report (Report No. #). Title of gray literature [Description].	Publisher Name.	https://doi.org/xxxx.... https://xxxx...

Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Formatting Rules

Italicize report titles
Utilize sentence case for report titles:
- First word of the title and first word of the subtitle capitalized
- Capitalize proper nouns
- Every other word is lower case
Shorten long URLs or DOIs: When a DOI or URL is long or complex, you may use shortDOIs or shortened URLs if desired. Use the shortDOI service provided by the International DOI Foundation (https://shortdoi.org/) to create shortDOI.

Various Examples

Business Report with shorten URL	Nelson, G., & Goon, X. J. (2019). Industry Surveys: Global automobile manufacturers. CFRA. http://bit.ly/2vbZVCu
Section of Government Report	Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2018). Maternal, infant, and child health. Healthy People 2020. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/maternal-infant-and-child-health/objectives
Government Report accessed online	Paschall, P. (2013). Movement analysis: The impact of the 2012 presidential election on the LGBT policy agenda. The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/reports/move_analyisis_2012_elec_obama.pdf.
Government Report (print)	National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office
White Paper	Furst, M., & DeMillo, R. A. (2006). Creating symphonic-thinking computer science graduates for an increasingly competitive global environment [White paper]. Georgia Tech College of Computing website: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Threads%20Whitepaper.pdf