APA In-text Citations follow an author and date model. Direct quotes require the inclusion of a page number. When no page number is available, substitute with a paragraph number (Ex. Hernandez, 2010, para. 4).
|
Type of Citation |
First Citation in Text |
Subsequent Citations |
Parenthetical Format, First Citation in Text |
Parenthetical Format, Subsequent Citations |
|
1 work by 1 author |
Siegel (2004) |
Siegel (2004) |
(Siegel, 2004) |
(Siegel, 2004) |
|
1 work by 2 authors |
Hunt and Wilkins (2007) |
Hunt and Wilkins (2007) |
(Hunt & Wilkins, 2007) |
(Hunt & Wilkins, 2007) |
|
1 work by 3 or more authors |
Baxter et al. (2005) |
Baxter et al. (2005) |
(Baxter et al., 2005) |
(Baxter et al., 2005) |
|
Groups (readily identified through abbreviations) as authors |
Centers for Disease |
CDC (2007) |
(Centers for Disease |
(CDC, 2007) |
|
Groups (no abbreviation) as authors |
University of Southern California (2010) |
University of Southern California (2010) |
(University of Southern California, 2010) |
(University of Southern California, 2010) |
|
|
Harlow (1999) and |
|
|
|
|
2 or more works by 1 author in the same year |
Jones (2009a) |
Jones (2009a) |
(Jones, 2009a) |
(Jones, 2009a) |
| Work with no author | "Understanding information overload" (n.d.) | "Understanding information overload" (n.d.) | ("Understanding information overload," n.d.) | ("Understanding information overload," n.d.) |
| Work with no author (Drug database, Encyclopedia, Dictionary, etc.) | "Drospirenone" (2019) | "Drospirenone" (2019) | ("Drospirenone," 2019) | ("Drospirenone," 2019) |
|
Secondary Source with year of primary source |
Freud (1916) ... (as cited in Jones, 2003) |
Freud (1916) ... (as cited in Jones, 2003) |
(Freud, 1916, as cited in Jones, 2003) |
(Freud, 1916, as cited in Jones, 2003) |
|
Secondary Source without year of primary source |
Freud (as cited in Jones, 2003) | Freud (as cited in Jones, 2003) | (Freud, as cited in Jones, 2003) | (Freud, as cited in Jones, 2003) |
|
Personal Communication (Do not include in |
J.Smith (personal communication, March 19, 2016) |
J.Smith (personal communication, March 19, 2016) |
(J. Smith, personal communication, March 19, 2016) |
(J. Smith, personal communication, March 19, 2016) |
| Court Decision |
Brown v. Board of |
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
(Brown v. Board of Education, 1954) | (Brown v. Board of Education, 1954) |
| Federal Statue | Violence Against Women (1994) | Violence Against Women (1994) | (Violence Against Women, 1994) | (Violence Against Women, 1994) |
Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000