The American Mathematical Society (AMS) citation style guide used in mathematics. Specifically, Chapter 10 of the AMS Style Guide focuses on how to cite references.
There are three ways to cite references in-text. Select one and use in consistently in your paper.
1. Numbers within Brackets
Ex. Mathematicians help improve efficiency of data centers use Markov chains [1].
Note: With numerical citations, references should be numbered sequentially. If a reference is repeated, do not give it another number; rather, use the original reference number.
2. Name & Year
Ex. Mathematicians help improve efficiency of data centers use Markov chains [Smith2019].
Note: Use the author's last name and year of publication.
3. Alphanumeric Abbreviation
Ex. Mathematicians help improve efficiency of data centers use Markov chains [S19].
Note: You utilize the first letter of the last name, while also shortening the year.
If you use the Numbers within Brackets in-text citation style, use this format for your references:
Print Book
[#] Author’s name as it appears. Title of book. Publisher, City of publication, Year of publication. Mathematical review number.
Online Journal Article
[#] Author’s name as it appears. Title of article. Shortened Journal Title. Volume Number (Year of publication), issue number, page range, DOI, mathematical review number.
If you use the Name & Year or Alphanumeric Abbreviation in-text citation style, instead of putting the reference number in brackets (ex. [1]), you will use whatever in-text citation style used in the paper and order the references alphabetically.
Ex.
[DL99] J. Denef and F. Loeser, Germs of arcs on singular algebraic varieties and motivic integration, Invent. Math.
135 (1999), no. 1, 201–232, DOI 10.1007/s002220050284.MR1664700
Note: These are just some examples, please refer to the AMS Style Guide for more in-depth coverage of citations/references.